@string{icassp = "Proc. ICASSP"}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-1,
	title= "{A 7 kHz Bandwidth, 32 kbps Speech Coder for ISDN}",
	author= "Schuyler Quackenbush",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "1-4",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-2,
	title= "{On The Use Of Direct Vector Quantization In LPC-Based Analysis-By-Synthesis Coding Systems}",
	author= "Yair Shoham",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "5-8",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-3,
	title= "{Low-Delay Code-Excited Linear-Predictive Coding Of Wideband Speech At 32 kbps}",
	author= "Erik Ordentlich and Yair Shoham",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "9-12",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-4,
	title= "{16 kbps Wideband Speech Coding Technique Based On Algebraic CELP}",
	author= "C. Laflamme and J.P. Adoul and R.A. Salami and S. Morissette and P. Mabilleau",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "13-16",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-5,
	title= "{Wideband CELP Speech Coding At 16 kbits/sec}",
	author= "Guylain Roy and Peter Kabal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "17-20",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-6,
	title= "{A Fixed-Point 16 kb/s LD-CELP Algorithm}",
	author= "Juin-Hwey Chen and Yen-Chun Lin and Richard V. Cox",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "21-24",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-7,
	title= "{Low-Delay CELP and Tree Coders: Comparison and Performance Improvements}",
	author= "Majid Foodeei and Peter Kabal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "25-28",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-8,
	title= "{Variable-Rate Low-Delay Analysis-By-Synthesis Speech Coding At 8-16 kb/s}",
	author= "Rong Peng and Vladimir Cuperman",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "29-32",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-9,
	title= "{A Long-Term Predictive ADPCM Coder With Short-Term Prediction And Vector Quantization}",
	author= "Alv Aarskog and Arild Nilsen and Ole Berg and Hans C. Guren",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "37-40",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-10,
	title= "{Globally Optimal Trellis Quantizers}",
	author= "Carl Rudolph Nassar and Mohammad Reza Soleymani",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "41-44",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-11,
	title= "{Frequency-Time-Shift-Invariant Time-Delay Neural Networks for Robust Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Hidefumi Sawai",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "45-48",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-12,
	title= "{Continuous Speech Recognition Using PLP Analysis With Multilayer Perceptrons}",
	author= "N. Morgan and H. Hermansky and H. Bourlard and P. Kohn and C. Wooters",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "49-52",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-13,
	title= "{TDNN-LR Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Adaptive Incremental TDNN Training}",
	author= "Hidefumi Sawai",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "53-56",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-14,
	title= "{Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition Using Neural Prediction Model}",
	author= "Ken-ichi Iso and Takao Watanabe",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "57-60",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-15,
	title= "{Continuous Speech Recognition Using Linked Predictive Neural Networks}",
	author= "Joe Tebelskis and Alex Waibel and Bojan Petek and Otto Schmidbauer",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "61-64",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-16,
	title= "{Information Theory-Based Supervised Learning Methods For Self-Organizing Maps In Combination With Hidden Markov Modeling}",
	author= "Gerhard Rigoll",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "65-68",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-17,
	title= "{Integrating Neural Nets and One-Stage Dynamic Programming for Speaker Independent Continuous Mandarin Digit Recognition}",
	author= "Jhing-Fa Wang and Chung-Hsien Wu and Chaug-Ching Haung and Jau-Yien Lee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "69-72",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-18,
	title= "{TDNNs For Phonetic Features Extraction : A Visual Exploration}",
	author= "Frederic Bimbot and Gerard Chollet and Jean-Pierre Tubach",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "73-76",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-19,
	title= "{Application Of Fully Recurrent Neural Networks For Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Sung Jun Lee and Ki Chul Kim and Hyunsoo Yoon and Jung Wan Cho",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "77-80",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-20,
	title= "{A Recurrent Time-Delay Neural Network For Improved Phoneme Recognition}",
	author= "Fabio Greco and Andrea Paoloni and Giacomo Ravaioli",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "81-84",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-21,
	title= "{Phoneme Recognition By Phoneme Filter Neural Networks}",
	author= "Masami Nakamura and Shin'ichi Tamura and Shigeki Sagayama",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "85-88",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-22,
	title= "{A Pairwise Discriminant Approach to Robust Phoneme Recognition by Time-Delay Neural Networks}",
	author= "Jun-ichi Takami and Shigeki Sagayama",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "89-92",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-23,
	title= "{Rejection Of Extraneous Input In Speech Recognition Applications, Using Multi-Layer Perceptrons And The Trace Of HMMs}",
	author= "Luc Mathan and Laurent Miclet",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "93-96",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-24,
	title= "{Validation Of Neural Net Architectures On Speech Recognition Tasks}",
	author= "Younes Bennani and Nasser Chaourar and Patrick Gallinari and Abdelhamid Mellouk",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "97-100",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-25,
	title= "{Phoneme Recognition Using Time-Dependent Versions Of Self-Organizing Maps}",
	author= "Jari Kangas",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "101-104",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-26,
	title= "{Integrating Time Alignment And Neural Networks For High Performance Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Patrick Haffner and Michael Franzini and Alex Waibel",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "105-108",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-27,
	title= "{Hidden Markov Model/Neural Network Training Techniques for Connected Alphadigit Speech Recognition}",
	author= "M.M. Hochberg and L.T. Niles and J.T. Foote and Harvey F. Silverman",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "109-112",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-28,
	title= "{A New Connected Word Recognition Algorithm Based On HMM/LVQ Segmentation And LVQ Classification}",
	author= "Padma Ramesh and Shigeru Katagiri and Chin-Hui Lee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "113-116",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-29,
	title= "{Learning The Architecture Of Neural Networks For Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Ulrich Bodenhausen and Alex Waibel",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "117-120",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-30,
	title= "{Non-Linear Vector Interpolation by Neural Network for Phoneme Identification in Continuous Speech}",
	author= "Yifan Gong and Jean-Paul Haton",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "121-124",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-31,
	title= "{Time-State Neural Networks (TSNN) for Phoneme Identification by Considering Temporal Structure of Phonemic Features}",
	author= "Yasuhiro Komori",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "125-128",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-32,
	title= "{Source Decomposition of Acoustic Variability in a Modular Connectionist Network}",
	author= "Raymond L. Watrous",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "129-132",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-33,
	title= "{Probability Based Optimization For Network Classifiers}",
	author= "Peter Brauer and Per Hedelin and Dieter Huber and Petter Knagenhjelm",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "133-136",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-34,
	title= "{Neural Trees - Using Neural Nets In A Tree Classifier Structure}",
	author= "Jan-Erik Stromberg and Jalel Zrida and Alf Isaksson",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "137-140",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-35,
	title= "{Word Recognition Using Neural Nets, Multi-State Gaussian and K-Nearest Neighbor Classifiers}",
	author= "David Lubensky",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "141-144",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-36,
	title= "{Robust Speech Parameters Extraction For Word Recognition In Noise Using Neural Networks}",
	author= "Laurent Barbier and Gerard Chollet",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "145-148",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-37,
	title= "{Speaker Independent Phoneme Recognition With An Auditory Model And A Neural Network: A Comparison With Traditional Techniques}",
	author= "Timothy R. Anderson",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "149-152",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-38,
	title= "{Neural Network Coupled with IIR Sequential Adapter for Phoneme Recognition in Continuous Speech}",
	author= "Yifan Gong and Ying Cheng and Jean-Paul Haton",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "153-156",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-39,
	title= "{Speech Recognition With Neural Networks And Network Fusion}",
	author= "Eric R. Buhrke and Joseph L. LoCicero",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "157-160",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-40,
	title= "{Improved Acoustic Modeling For Speaker Independent Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "C.H. Lee and Egidio Giachin and Lawrence R. Rabiner and Roberto Pieraccini and Aaron E. Rosenberg",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "161-164",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-41,
	title= "{Phonetic Triplets in Acoustic-phonetic Decoding of Continuous Speech}",
	author= "Y. Laprie",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "165-168",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-42,
	title= "{Phonetic Typewriter Based on Phoneme Source Modeling}",
	author= "Tomokazu Yamada and Toshiyuki Hanazawa and Takeshi Kawabata and Shoichi Matsunaga and Kiyohiro Shikano",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "169-172",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-43,
	title= "{Automatic Phonetic Baseform Determination}",
	author= "Lalit R. Bahl and S. Das and Peter V. de Souza and M. Epstein and R.L. Mercer and B. Merialdo and David Nahamoo and Michael A. Picheny and J. Powell",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "173-176",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-44,
	title= "{A New Class Of Fenonic Markov Word Models For Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Lalit R. Bahl and Jerome R. Bellegarda and Peter V. de Souza and P.S. Gopalakrishnan and David Nahamoo and Michael A. Picheny",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "177-180",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-45,
	title= "{Improved Vocabulary-Independent Sub-Word HMM Modelling}",
	author= "Lynn C. Wood and David J.B. Pearce and Frederic Novello",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "181-184",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-46,
	title= "{Decision Trees for Phonological Rules in Continuous Speech}",
	author= "Lalit R. Bahl and Peter V. de Souza and P.S. Gopalakrishnan and David Nahamoo and Michael A. Picheny",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "185-188",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-47,
	title= "{Learning Structural Models Of Subword Units Through Grammatical Inference Techniques}",
	author= "E. Sanchis and F. Casacuberta and I. Galiano and E. Segarra",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "189-192",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-48,
	title= "{Microstructural Speech Units and Their HMM Representation for Discrete Utterance Speech Recognition}",
	author= "L. Deng and Kevin Erler",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "193-196",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-49,
	title= "{Multi-Lingual Label Alignment Using Acoustic-Phonetic Features Derived By Neural-Network Technique}",
	author= "Paul Dalsgaard and Ove Andersen and William Barry",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "197-200",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-50,
	title= "{Continuous Representations In Linear Predictive Coding}",
	author= "W. Bastiaan Kleijn",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "201-204",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-51,
	title= "{Techniques For Improving The Performance Of CELP Type Speech Coders}",
	author= "Ira A. Gerson and Mark A. Jasiuk",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "205-208",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-52,
	title= "{Derivation Of Efficient CELP Coding Algorithms Using The Z-Transform Approach}",
	author= "A. Le Guyader and R. Di Francesco and C. Lamblin",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "209-212",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-53,
	title= "{4kb/s Improved CELP Coder With Efficient Vector Quantization}",
	author= "Kazunori Ozawa and Toshiki Miyano",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "213-216",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-54,
	title= "{Speech Coding At 4 kb/s And Lower Using Single-Pulse And Stochastic Models Of LPC Excitation}",
	author= "W. Granzow and B.S. Atal and K.K. Paliwal and Juergen Schroeter",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "217-220",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-55,
	title= "{Low-Complexity Multi-Mode VXC Using Multi-Stage Optimization and Mode Selection}",
	author= "Mark Johnson and Tomohiko Taniguchi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "221-224",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-56,
	title= "{Amplitude Quantization for CELP Excitation Signals}",
	author= "Per Hedelin and Anders Bergstrom",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "225-228",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-57,
	title= "{Adaptive Bit-Allocation Between The Pole-Zero Synthesis Filter And Excitation In CELP}",
	author= "Kimio Miseki and Masami Akamine",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "229-232",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-58,
	title= "{Efficient Excitation Modeling In A Low Bit-Rate CELP Coder}",
	author= "Maurizio Copperi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "233-236",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-59,
	title= "{Improved CELP Coding Using Adaptive Excitation Codebooks}",
	author= "U. Kipper and H. Reininger and D. Wolf",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "237-240",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-60,
	title= "{Pitch Sharpening for Perceptually Improved CELP, and the Sparse-Delta Codebook for Reduced Computation}",
	author= "Tomohiko Taniguchi and Mark Johnson and Yasuji Ohta",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "241-244",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-61,
	title= "{Vector Quantization of Transform Components for Speech Coding at 1200 bps}",
	author= "Philipos C. Loizou and Andreas S. Spanias",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "245-248",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-62,
	title= "{The Application Of The IMBE Speech Coder To Mobile Communications}",
	author= "John C. Hardwick and Jae S. Lim",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "249-252",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-63,
	title= "{Comparison of Discrete and Continuous HMMs in a CSR Task over the Telephone}",
	author= "L. Fissore and P. Laface and G. Micca",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "253-256",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-64,
	title= "{A Real-Time Chinese Speech Recognition System with Unlimited Vocabulary}",
	author= "Yuqing Gao and Taiyi Huang and Zhiwei Lin and Bo Xu and Dongxin Xu",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "257-260",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-65,
	title= "{Using The Topology-Preserving Properties Of SOFMs In Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Kari Torkkola and Mikko Kokkonen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "261-264",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-66,
	title= "{Robust HMM Phoneme Modeling For Different Speaking Styles}",
	author= "Tatsuo Matsuoka and Kiyohiro Shikano",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "265-268",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-67,
	title= "{Incorporating LR Parsing Into Sphinx}",
	author= "Kenji Kita and Wayne H. Ward",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "269-272",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-68,
	title= "{A Japanese Text Dictation System Based On Phoneme Recognition And A Dependency Grammar}",
	author= "Shozo Makino and Akinori Ito and Mitsuru Endo and Ken'iti Kido",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "273-276",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-69,
	title= "{An Alphanet Approach To Optimising Input Transformations For Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "John S. Bridle and L. Dodd",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "277-280",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-70,
	title= "{A Variable Duration Acoustic Segment HMM for Hard-to-Recognize Words and Phrases}",
	author= "Jeffrey N. Marcus and Victor W. Zue",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "281-284",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-71,
	title= "{Signal Representation Comparison for Phonetic Classification}",
	author= "Helen M. Meng and Victor W. Zue",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "285-288",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-72,
	title= "{A Dynamical System Approach To Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "V. Digalakis and J.R. Rohlicek and M. Ostendorf",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "289-292",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-73,
	title= "{Speech Recognition Using Dynamic Features Of Acoustic Subword Spectra}",
	author= "Kathy L. Brown and V. Ralph Algazi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "293-296",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-74,
	title= "{Three Different Probabilistic Language Models: Comparison And Combination}",
	author= "H. Cerf-Danon and M. El-Beze",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "297-300",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-75,
	title= "{Extending The Vocabulary Of A Speaker Independent Recognition System}",
	author= "S. Euler and J. Zinke",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "301-304",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-76,
	title= "{Automatic Modeling For Adding New Words To A Large-Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System}",
	author= "Ayman Asadi and Richard Schwartz and John Makhoul",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "305-308",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-77,
	title= "{Improvements and Applications for Key Word Recognition Using Hidden Markov Modeling Techniques}",
	author= "J.G. Wilpon and L.G. Miller and P. Modi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "309-312",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-78,
	title= "{Multiple Neural Network Topologies Applied To Keyword Spotting}",
	author= "David P. Morgan and Christopher L. Scofield and John E. Adcock",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "313-316",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-79,
	title= "{Techniques For Information Retrieval From Voice Messages}",
	author= "R.C. Rose and E.I. Chang and R.P. Lippmann",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "317-320",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-80,
	title= "{Automatic Recognition Of Prosodic Phrases}",
	author= "C.W. Wightman and M. Ostendorf",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "321-324",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-81,
	title= "{Speaker-Independent Name Retrieval From Spellings Using A Database Of 50,000 Names}",
	author= "Ronald A. Cole and Mark Fanty and Murali Gopalakrishnan and Rik D.T. Janssen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "325-328",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-82,
	title= "{The Lincoln Tied-Mixture HMM Continuous Speech Recognizer}",
	author= "Douglas B. Paul",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "329-332",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-83,
	title= "{An HMM Based Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition System with Experiments on the TIMIT DATABASE}",
	author= "Yunxin Zhao and Hisashi Wakita and Xinhua Zhuang",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "333-336",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-84,
	title= "{The SSI Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition System}",
	author= "W.S. Meisel and M.T. Anikst and S.S. Pirzadeh and J.E. Schumacher and M.C. Soares and D.J. Trawick",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "337-340",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-85,
	title= "{Using Phoneme Duration And Energy Contour Information To Improve Large Vocabulary Isolated-Word Recognition}",
	author= "V.N. Gupta and M. Lennig and P. Mermelstein and P. Kenny and F. Seitz and Douglas O'Shaughnessy",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "341-344",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-86,
	title= "{Improved Acoustic Modeling with the SPHINX Speech Recognition System}",
	author= "X.D. Huang and K.F. Lee and Hsiao-Wuen Hon and M.Y. Hwang",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "345-348",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-87,
	title= "{Improvements in Connected Digit Recognition Using Higher Order Spectral and Energy Features}",
	author= "J.G. Wilpon and C.H. Lee and Lawrence R. Rabiner",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "349-352",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-88,
	title= "{A Segment-Based Approach To Automatic Language Identification}",
	author= "Yeshwant K. Muthusamy and Ronald A. Cole and Murali Gopalakrishnan",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "353-356",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-89,
	title= "{Training HMMs Using A Minimum Recognition Error Approach}",
	author= "Horacio Franco and Antonio Serralheiro",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "357-360",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-90,
	title= "{The Influence of Psychoacoustic and Psycholinguistic Factors on Listener Judgments of Intelligibility of Normal and Lombard Speech}",
	author= "Jean-claude Junqua",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "361-364",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-91,
	title= "{Understanding Spontaneous Speech: The Phoenix System}",
	author= "Wayne H. Ward",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "365-368",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-92,
	title= "{A Comparative Study Of Continuous Speech Recognition Using Neural Networks And Hidden Markov Models}",
	author= "Steve Renals and David McKelvie and Fergus McInnes",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "369-372",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-93,
	title= "{A Novel Approach To Speaker Verification}",
	author= "D.A. Gaganelis and E.D. Frangoulis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "373-376",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-94,
	title= "{A Text-Independent Speaker Recognition Method Robust Against Utterance Variations}",
	author= "Tomoko Matsui and Sadaoki Furui",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "377-380",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-95,
	title= "{Connected Word Talker Verification Using Whole Word Hidden Markov Models}",
	author= "Aaron E. Rosenberg and Chin-Hui Lee and Sedat Gokcen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "381-384",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-96,
	title= "{On The Use Of TDNN-Extracted Features Information In Talker Identification}",
	author= "Younes Bennani and Patrick Gallinari",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "385-388",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-97,
	title= "{Text-Independent Talker Identification With Neural Networks}",
	author= "Laszlo Rudasi and Stephen A. Zahorian",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "389-392",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-98,
	title= "{Radial Basis Function Networks for Speaker Recognition}",
	author= "J. Oglesby and J.S. Mason",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "393-396",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-99,
	title= "{A Speaker Verification System Using Alpha-Nets}",
	author= "Michael J. Carey and Eluned S. Parris and John S. Bridle",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "397-400",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-100,
	title= "{Robust Speaker Identification In Noisy Environments Using Noise Adaptive Speaker Models}",
	author= "R.C. Rose and J. Fitzmaurice and E.M. Hofstetter and D.A. Reynolds",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "401-404",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-101,
	title= "{Text-Independent Speaker Verification By Discriminator Counting}",
	author= "A.L. Higgins and L.G. Bahler",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "405-408",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-102,
	title= "{Automatic Sex Identification From Short Segments Of Speech}",
	author= "Jesse W. Fussell",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "409-412",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-103,
	title= "{Isolated Word Recognition in Noisy environment by Vector Quantization of the HMM and Noise Distributions}",
	author= "E.D. Frangoulis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "413-416",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-104,
	title= "{Fractal Aspects Of Speech Signals: Dimension And Interpolation}",
	author= "Petros Maragos",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "417-420",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-105,
	title= "{Speech Nonlinearities, Modulations, And Energy Operators}",
	author= "Petros Maragos and Thomas F. Quatieri and James F. Kaiser",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "421-424",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-106,
	title= "{Nonlinear Prediction Of Speech}",
	author= "Brent Townshend",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "425-428",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-107,
	title= "{Recognition Of Noisy Speech Using Cumulant-Based Linear Prediction Analysis}",
	author= "K.K. Paliwal and M.M. Sondhi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "429-432",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-108,
	title= "{Truly Nonstationary Techniques For The Analysis And Display Of Voiced Speech}",
	author= "Les E. Atlas and Patrick J. Loughlin and James W. Pitton",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "433-436",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-109,
	title= "{Robust Voiced/Unvoiced Speech Classification Using A Neural Net}",
	author= "Ronald P. Cohn",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "437-440",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-110,
	title= "{A Fast Neural Net Training Algorithm And Its Application To Voiced-Unvoiced-Silence Classification Of Speech}",
	author= "Thea Ghiselli-Crippa and Amro El-Jaroudi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "441-444",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-111,
	title= "{Classification Of Unvoiced Stops Based On Formant Transitions Prior To Release}",
	author= "Krishna S. Nathan and Harvey F. Silverman",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "445-448",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-112,
	title= "{A Comparison Of A Wavelet Functions For Pitch Detection Of Speech Signals}",
	author= "Shubha Kadambe and G.F. Boudreaux-Bartels",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "449-452",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-113,
	title= "{Manipulating Synthetic Intonation For Speaker Characterisation}",
	author= "A.I.C. Monaghan and D.R. Ladd",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "453-456",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-114,
	title= "{Combined Multi-Resolution (Wideband/Narrowband) Spectrogram}",
	author= "Shiufun Cheung and Jae S. Lim",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "457-460",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-115,
	title= "{Speech Recognition - A Time-Frequency Subspace Filtering Based Approach}",
	author= "David Rainton",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "461-464",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-116,
	title= "{On The Phonetic Structure Of A Large Hidden Markov Model}",
	author= "David J. Pepper and Mark A. Clements",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "465-468",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-117,
	title= "{Hidden Markov Modeling Using The Most Likely State Sequence}",
	author= "Neri Merhav and Yariv Ephraim",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "469-472",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-118,
	title= "{Automatic Segmentation And Labeling Of Speech}",
	author= "A. Ljolje and Michael D. Riley",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "473-476",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-119,
	title= "{Numerical Simulation Of The Glottal Flow By A Model Based On The Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations}",
	author= "Gabriele C. Hegerl and Harald Hoge",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "477-480",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-120,
	title= "{Low Update Rate Articulatory Analysis/Synthesis Of Speech}",
	author= "Sunil K. Gupta and Juergen Schroeter",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "481-484",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-121,
	title= "{Acoustic To Articulatory Parameter Mapping Using An Assembly Of Neural Networks}",
	author= "M.G. Rahim and W. Bastiaan Kleijn and Juergen Schroeter and C.C. Goodyear",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "485-488",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-122,
	title= "{Application Of Neural Networks To Articulatory Motion Estimation}",
	author= "Tetsunori Kobayashi and Masayuki Yagyu and Katsuhiko Shirai",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "489-492",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-123,
	title= "{Auditory Distortion Measure For Speech Coding}",
	author= "Shihua Wang and Andrew Sekey and Allen Gersho",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "493-496",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-124,
	title= "{A New Objective Quality Measure For Speech-Coding Systems Based On The Estimation Of Their Nonlinear Properties}",
	author= "Ulrich Halka",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "497-500",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-125,
	title= "{On The Quality Of Speech Produced By Impulse Driven Linear Systems}",
	author= "Werner Verhelst",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "501-504",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-126,
	title= "{Modeling Vocal Disorders Via Formant Synthesis}",
	author= "A.L. Lalwani and D.G. Childers",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "505-508",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-127,
	title= "{Syntactic Neural Networks For Text-Phonetics Translation}",
	author= "Simon Lucas and Bob Damper",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "509-512",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-128,
	title= "{Mixed Distance Measures For Synthetic Speech Evaluation}",
	author= "Nathaniel Polish",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "513-516",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-129,
	title= "{Use Of Triphones For Demisyllable-Based Speech Synthesis}",
	author= "Peri Bhaskararao and Stephen J. Eady and John H. Esling",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "517-520",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-130,
	title= "{A Robust Real-Time Pitch Detector Based On Neural Networks}",
	author= "Horacio Martinez-Alfaro and Jose L. Contreras-Vidal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "521-524",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-131,
	title= "{Text-To-Speech System For Greek}",
	author= "N. Yiourgalis and George K. Kokkinakis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "525-528",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-132,
	title= "{A Bayesian Classification Approach With Application To Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Neri Merhav and Yariv Ephraim",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "529-532",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-133,
	title= "{High Performance Connected Digit Recognition Using Maximum Mutual Information Estimation}",
	author= "Regis Cardin and Yves Normandin and Renato De Mori",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "533-536",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-134,
	title= "{An Improved MMIE Training Algorithm For Speaker-Independent, Small Vocabulary, Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Yves Normandin and Salvatore D. Morgera",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "537-540",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-135,
	title= "{Robustness And Discrimination Oriented Speech Recognition Using Weighted HMM And Subspace Projection Approaches}",
	author= "Keh-Yih Su and Chin-Hui Lee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "541-544",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-136,
	title= "{Optimising Hidden Markov Models Using Discriminative Output Distributions}",
	author= "Philip C. Woodland and David R. Cole",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "545-548",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-137,
	title= "{Discriminative Analysis of Distortion Sequences in Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Pao-Chung Chang and Sin-Horng Chen and Biing-Hwang Juang",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "549-552",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-138,
	title= "{Speaker-Independent Large Vocabulary Word Recognition Using An LVQ/HMM Hybrid Algorithm}",
	author= "H. Iwamida and Shigeru Katagiri and E. McDermott",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "553-556",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-139,
	title= "{Phoneme Recognition by Combining Discriminant Analysis and HMM}",
	author= "Tatsuya Kawahara and Shuji Doshita",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "557-560",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-140,
	title= "{Acoustic-Phonetic Transformations For Improved Speaker-Independent Isolated Word Recognition}",
	author= "Stephen A. Zahorian and Danming Qian and Amir J. Jagharghi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "561-564",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-141,
	title= "{An Iterative 'Flip-Flop' Approximation Of The Most Informative Split In The Construction Of Decision Trees}",
	author= "A. Nadas and David Nahamoo and Michael A. Picheny and J. Powell",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "565-568",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-142,
	title= "{On the Interaction Between True Source, Training, and Testing Language Models}",
	author= "Douglas B. Paul and James K. Baker and Janet M. Baker",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "569-572",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-143,
	title= "{Speech Recognition In A Neural Network Framework: Discriminative Training Of Gaussian Models And Mixture Densities As Radial Basis Functions}",
	author= "Hermann Ney",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "573-576",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-144,
	title= "{Sine-Wave Phase Coding at Low Data Rates}",
	author= "R.J. McAulay and Thomas F. Quatieri",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "577-580",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-145,
	title= "{Speech Coding Using Nonstationary Sinusoidal Modelling And Narrow-Band Basis Functions}",
	author= "Holger Carl and Bernd Kolpatzik",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "581-584",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-146,
	title= "{Real-Time Implementation And Evaluation Of Variable Rate CELP Coders}",
	author= "L.A. Hernandez-Gomez and F.J. Casajus-Quiros and C. Garcia-Mateo and J. Ortega-Garcia",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "585-588",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-147,
	title= "{A 2.4 kbps High-Quality Speech Coder}",
	author= "Jesper Haagen and Henrik Nielsen and Steffen Duus Hansen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "589-592",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-148,
	title= "{A New Mixed Excitation LPC Vocoder}",
	author= "Alan V. McCree and Thomas P. Barnwell III",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "593-596",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-149,
	title= "{Low Bit Rate LPC Vocoders Using Vector Quantization And Interpolation}",
	author= "Jose Antonio Martins and Fabio Violaro",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "597-600",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-150,
	title= "{A Robust 400-bps Speech Coder Against Background Noise}",
	author= "Y.J. Liu",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "601-604",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-151,
	title= "{Segment Vocoder Based On Reconstruction With Natural Segments}",
	author= "Philippe Jeanrenaud and Patrick Peterson",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "605-608",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-152,
	title= "{Multi-Frame Coding Of LPC Parameters At 600-800 bps}",
	author= "D.P. Kemp and J.S. Collura and T.E. Tremain",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "609-612",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-153,
	title= "{High Performance Coder: A Possible Candidate For The GSM Half-Rate System}",
	author= "Yuhang Wu and Henrik B. Hansen and Knud J. Larsen and Henrik Nielsen and John Aa. Sorensen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "613-616",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-154,
	title= "{Experiments With A Regular Pulse CELP Coder For The Pan European Half Rate Channel}",
	author= "C. Gruet and F. Pommaret and M. Delprat",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "617-620",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-155,
	title= "{A 6.3 kb/s CELP Codec Suitable For Half-Rate System}",
	author= "F.G. Andreotti and V. Maiorano and L. Vetrano",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "621-624",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-156,
	title= "{A Speech Codec For Cellular Radio At A Gross Bit Rate Of 11.4 kb/s}",
	author= "H. Hermansson and T.B. Mindet and J. Ahlberg and P. Lundqvist",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "625-628",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-157,
	title= "{An Evaluation Of 6.4kbit/s Speech CODECs For Inmarsat-M System}",
	author= "Siu-Wah Wong",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "629-632",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-158,
	title= "{Using Super Resolution Pitch in Waveform Speech Coders}",
	author= "Yoav Medan",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "633-636",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-159,
	title= "{Neural Network Vector Quantizer Design Using Sequential And Parallel Learning Techniques}",
	author= "Frank H. Wu and Keshab K. Parhi and Kalyan Ganesan",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "637-640",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-160,
	title= "{Robust And Efficient Quantization Of Speech LSP Parameters Using Structured Vector Quantizers}",
	author= "Rajiv Laroia and Nam Phamdo and Nariman Farvardin",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "641-644",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-161,
	title= "{A New MMSE Encoding Algorithm for Vector Quantization}",
	author= "R.L. Joshi and P.G. Poonacha",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "645-648",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-162,
	title= "{Improving The Training And Testing Speed And The Ability Of Generalization In Learning Vector Quantization - DVQ}",
	author= "Franck Poirier",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "649-652",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-163,
	title= "{Cell-Conditioned Multistage Vector Quantization}",
	author= "D.H. Lee and David L. Neuhoff and K.K. Paliwal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "653-656",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-164,
	title= "{Methods Of Improving Vector-Scalar Quantization Of LPC Coefficients}",
	author= "John Grass and Peter Kabal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "657-660",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-165,
	title= "{Efficient Vector Quantization Of LPC Parameters At 24 Bits/Frame}",
	author= "K.K. Paliwal and B.S. Atal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "661-664",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-166,
	title= "{Soft-Decision Vector Quantization Based On The Dempster/Shafer Theory}",
	author= "F. Class and A. Kaltenmeier and P. Regel",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "665-668",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-167,
	title= "{An Economical Binary Tree Structure for Vector Quantization}",
	author= "Lu Chang and M.M. Bayoumi",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "669-672",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-168,
	title= "{VQ Codebook Design Using Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithms}",
	author= "Ngoc-Ai Lu and Darryl R. Morrell",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "673-676",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-169,
	title= "{Wavelet Representations And Coding Of Self-Affine Signals}",
	author= "Francois J. Malassenet and Russell M. Mersereau",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "677-680",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-170,
	title= "{Embedded CELP Coding For Variable Bit-Rate Between 6.4 And 9.6 kbit/s}",
	author= "Rosario Drogo De Lacovo and Daniele Sereno",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "681-684",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-171,
	title= "{A CELP Codebook and Search Technique Using a Hopfield Net}",
	author= "M.G. Easton and C.C. Goodyear",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "685-688",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-172,
	title= "{A* - Admissible Heuristics For Rapid Lexical Access}",
	author= "P. Kenny and R. Hollan and V.N. Gupta and M. Lennig and P. Mermelstein and Douglas O'Shaughnessy",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "689-692",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-173,
	title= "{Algorithms for an Optimal A* Search and Linearizing the Search in the Stack Decoder}",
	author= "Douglas B. Paul",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "693-696",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-174,
	title= "{The Forward-Backward Search Algorithm}",
	author= "Steve Austin and Richard Schwartz and Paul Placeway",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "697-700",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-175,
	title= "{A Comparison of Several Approximate Algorithms For Finding Multiple (N-BEST) Sentence Hypotheses}",
	author= "Richard Schwartz and Steve Austin",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "701-704",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-176,
	title= "{A Tree-Trellis Based Fast Search for Finding the N Best Sentence Hypotheses in Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Frank K. Soong and Eng-Fong Huang",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "705-708",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-177,
	title= "{Demisyllable-Based HMM Spotting For Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Eduardo Lleida and Jose B. Marino and Climent Nadeu and Joan Salavedra",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "709-712",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-178,
	title= "{Integration of Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing in the MIT Voyager System}",
	author= "Victor W. Zue and James Glass and David Goodine and Hong Leung and Michael Phillips and Joseph Polifroni and Stephanie Seneff",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "713-716",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-179,
	title= "{Boosting the Accuracy of a 100,000-Word Japanese Speech Recognition System}",
	author= "Shinta Kimura and Yasushi Yamazaki",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "717-720",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-180,
	title= "{A Unification-Grammar-directed One-Pass Search Algorithm for Parsing Spoken Language}",
	author= "Michio Okada",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "721-724",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-181,
	title= "{Continuous Speech Recognition Based On High Plausibility Regions}",
	author= "Yifan Gong and Jean-Paul Haton and Feriel Mouria",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "725-728",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-182,
	title= "{Complexity Reduction In A Large Vocabulary Speech Recognizer}",
	author= "Roberto Pieraccini and Chin-Hui Lee and Egidio Giachin and Lawrence R. Rabiner",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "729-732",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-1-183,
	title= "{Fast Endpoint Detection Algorithm For Isolated Word Recognition In Office Environment}",
	author= "Evangelos S. Dermatas and Nikos D. Fakotakis and George K. Kokkinakis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 1, pages= "733-736",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-1,
	title= "{A Statistical Model For Generating Pronunciation Networks}",
	author= "Michael D. Riley",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "737-740",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-2,
	title= "{A Novel Approach To Inferring Letter-Phoneme Correspondences}",
	author= "Robert W.P. Luk and Robert I. Damper",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "741-744",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-3,
	title= "{Inductive Learning Of Pronunciation Rules With The DEPES System}",
	author= "Bert Van Coile",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "745-748",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-4,
	title= "{The Development Of A Connectionist Multiple-Voice Text-To-Speech System}",
	author= "Christine Tuerk and Peter Monaco and Tony Robinson",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "749-752",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-5,
	title= "{Phonetic To Acoustic Mapping Using Recurrent Neural Networks}",
	author= "Vinod V. Kumar and Stanley C. Ahalt and Ashok K. Krishnamurthy",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "753-756",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-6,
	title= "{Context Free Wild Card Parsing In A Text-To-Speech System}",
	author= "Rijk Willemse and Louis Boves",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "757-760",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-7,
	title= "{Speech Synthesis By Analogy: Recent Advances And Results}",
	author= "K.P.H. Sullivan and Robert I. Damper",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "761-764",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-8,
	title= "{A Segment-Based Approach To Voice Conversion}",
	author= "Masanobu Abe",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "765-768",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-9,
	title= "{Improving Naturalness in Text-to-speech Synthesis using Natural Glottal Source}",
	author= "Kenji Matsui and Stephen D. Pearson and Kazue Hata and Takahiro Kamai",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "769-772",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-10,
	title= "{The Analysis Of Dutch Nasal Consonants Using Robust ARMA Analysis: Consequences For Rule Development In Speech Synthesis}",
	author= "H. Loman and J. de Veth and Louis Boves",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "773-776",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-11,
	title= "{A Flexible Formant Synthesizer}",
	author= "A.L. Lalwani and D.G. Childers",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "777-780",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-12,
	title= "{Speech Maker: Text-To-Speech Synthesis Based On A Multi-Level, Synchronized Data Structure}",
	author= "H.C. van Leeuwen and E. te Lindert",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "781-784",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-13,
	title= "{A Connectionist Model For Dialog Processing}",
	author= "Ye-Yi Wang and Alex Waibel",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "785-788",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-14,
	title= "{Automatic Learning Of Structural Language Models}",
	author= "Natividad Prieto and Enrique Vidal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "789-792",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-15,
	title= "{JANUS: A Speech-To-Speech Translation System Using Connectionist And Symbolic Processing Strategies}",
	author= "Alex Waibel and Ajay N. Jain and Arthur E. McNair and Hiroaki Saito and Alexander G. Hauptmann and Joe Tebelskis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "793-796",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-16,
	title= "{A Probabilistic Approach to Person-Robot Dialogue}",
	author= "Renato De Mori and R. Kuhn and G. Lazzari",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "797-800",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-17,
	title= "{Linguistic Constraints for Continuous Speech Recognition in Goal-Directed Dialogue}",
	author= "Toshiyuki Takezawa and Kenji Kita and Junko Hosaka and Tsuyoshi Morimoto",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "801-804",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-18,
	title= "{Adaptive Acquisition Of Spoken Language}",
	author= "A.L. Gorin and S.E. Levinson and A.N. Gertner",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "805-808",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-19,
	title= "{Tagging Text With A Probabilistic Model}",
	author= "Bernard Merialdo",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "809-812",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-20,
	title= "{Automatic Language Recognition Using Acoustic Features}",
	author= "Masahide Sugiyama",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "813-816",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-21,
	title= "{An Automatic Language Identification System}",
	author= "Michael Savic and Elena Acosta and Sunil K. Gupta",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "817-820",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-22,
	title= "{Syllable Structure Parsing For Continuous Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Shigeru Ono",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "821-824",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-23,
	title= "{On Smoothing Techniques For Bigram-Based Natural Language Modelling}",
	author= "Hermann Ney and Ute Essen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "825-828",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-24,
	title= "{Spoken Language Recognition In An Office Management Domain}",
	author= "Alexander I. Rudnicky and Jean-Michel Lunati and Alexander M. Franz",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "829-832",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-25,
	title= "{A New Paradigm For Speaker-Independent Training}",
	author= "Francis Kubala and Richard Schwartz",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "833-836",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-26,
	title= "{Adaptation of Reference Speaker HMM Word Models for Speaker-Independent Recognition}",
	author= "David J.B. Pearce and Lynn C. Wood",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "837-840",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-27,
	title= "{Speaker-Adaptive HMM-Based Speech Recognition With A Stochastic Speaker Classifier}",
	author= "Akihiro Imamura",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "841-844",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-28,
	title= "{Speaker Adaptation Based On Markov Modeling Of Speakers In Speaker-Independent Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Hiroaki Hattori",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "845-848",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-29,
	title= "{Fast Speaker Adaptation: Some Experiments on Different Techniques for Codebook and HMM Parameters Estimation}",
	author= "Marco Ferretti and Anna Maria Mazza",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "849-852",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-30,
	title= "{A Neural Speaker Model for Speaker Clustering}",
	author= "Satoshi Nakamura and Toshio Akabane",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "853-856",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-31,
	title= "{Speaker Adaptation For Demi-Syllable Based Continuous Density HMM}",
	author= "Koichi Shinoda and Ken-ichi Iso and Takao Watanabe",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "857-860",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-32,
	title= "{A novel Speaker Adaptation approach for Continuous Densities HMM's}",
	author= "E.D. Frangoulis and V. Sgardoni",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "861-864",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-33,
	title= "{Speaker Adaptation in Continuous Speech Recognition via Estimation of Correlated Mean Vectors}",
	author= "William A. Rozzi and Richard M. Stern",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "865-868",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-34,
	title= "{Integration Of Speaker And Speech Recognition Systems}",
	author= "D.A. Reynolds and L.P. Heck",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "869-872",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-35,
	title= "{Segregation of Speakers for Speech Recognition and Speaker Identification}",
	author= "Herbert Gish and Man-Hung Siu and Robin Rohlicek",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "873-876",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-36,
	title= "{On Speaker-Independent, Speaker-Dependent, and Speaker-Adaptive Speech Recognition}",
	author= "X.D. Huang and K.F. Lee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "877-880",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-37,
	title= "{An Investigation of PLP and IMELDA Acoustic Representations and of their Potential for Combination}",
	author= "Melvyn J. Hunt and Stephen M. Richardson and D. Charles Bateman and Alain Piau",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "881-884",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-38,
	title= "{Robustness of a Feature Based Phoneme Segmentation System to Speaker Independent and Continuous Speech}",
	author= "Yasuhiro Komori and Kaichiro Hatazaki",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "885-888",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-39,
	title= "{CMU Robust Vocabulary-Independent Speech Recognition System}",
	author= "Hsiao-Wuen Hon and Kai-Fu Lee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "889-892",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-40,
	title= "{Robust Speech Recognition By Normalization Of The Acoustic Space}",
	author= "Alejandro Acero and Richard M. Stern",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "893-896",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-41,
	title= "{Simultaneous Model Re-estimation From Contaminated Data by 'Composed Hidden Markov Modelling'}",
	author= "Maha Kadirkamanathan and Andrew P. Varga",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "897-900",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-42,
	title= "{Speech Enhancement Employing Adaptive Boundary Detection and Morphological Based Spectral Constraints}",
	author= "John H.L. Hansen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "901-904",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-43,
	title= "{A Robust Speech Recognition System Using Word-Spotting With Noise Immunity Learning}",
	author= "Yoichi Takebayashi and Hiroyuki Tsuboi and Hiroshi Kanazawa",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "905-908",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-44,
	title= "{Pitch-Aided Spectral Estimation For Noise-Robust Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Adoram Erell and Mitch Weintraub",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "909-912",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-45,
	title= "{An Hypothesized Wiener Filtering Approach To Noisy Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Alberto D. Berstein and Ilan D. Shallom",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "913-916",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-46,
	title= "{Noisy Speech Recognition Using Hidden Markov Model State-Based Filtering}",
	author= "V.L. Beattie and S.J. Young",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "917-920",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-47,
	title= "{Application Of A Weighted Projection Measure For Robust Hidden Markov Model Based Speech Recognition}",
	author= "Beth A. Carlson and Mark A. Clements",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "921-924",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-48,
	title= "{Word Recognition In The Car: Speech Enhancement / Spectral Transformations}",
	author= "Chafic Mokbel and Gerard Chollet",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "925-928",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-49,
	title= "{Speech Recognition in a Noisy Environment Using a Noise Reduction Neural Network and a Codebook Mapping Technique}",
	author= "Kazumi Ohkura and Masahide Sugiyama",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "929-932",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-50,
	title= "{A Cepstral Noise Reduction Multi-Layer Neural Network}",
	author= "Helge B.D. Sorensen",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "933-936",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-51,
	title= "{An Effective Speech Separation System Which Requires No A Priori Information}",
	author= "J. Naylor and J. Porter",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "937-940",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-52,
	title= "{Maximum Likelihood Noise Cancellation With Spectral Constraints}",
	author= "Regine Le Bouquin and Gerard Faucon",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "941-944",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-53,
	title= "{Processing Of Noisy Speech Using Modified Group Delay Functions}",
	author= "B. Yegnanarayana and Hema A. Murthy and V.R. Ramachandran",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "945-948",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-54,
	title= "{Co-channel Speech Separation using Frequency Bin Non-linear Adaptive Filtering}",
	author= "Y.H. Gu and W.M.G. van Bokhoven",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "949-952",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-55,
	title= "{An Approach Of Dereverberation Using Multi-Microphone Sub-Band Envelope Estimation}",
	author= "Hong Wang and Fumitada Itakura",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "953-956",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-56,
	title= "{Fast Self-Adapting Broadband Noise Removal In The Cepstral Domain}",
	author= "C.S. Wu and V. V. Nguyen and H. Sabrin and W. Kushner and J. Damoulakis",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "957-960",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-57,
	title= "{Speech Enhancement Based Conceptually on Auditory Evidence}",
	author= "Yan Ming Cheng and Douglas O'Shaughnessy",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "961-964",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-58,
	title= "{Adaptive Noise Reduction Using Discrimination Functions}",
	author= "Walter Etter and George S. Moschytz and Daniel Graupe",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "965-968",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-59,
	title= "{Recovering Of Broad Band Reverberant Speech Signal By Sub-Band MINT Method}",
	author= "Hideaki Yamada and Hong Wang and Fumitada Itakura",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "969-972",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-60,
	title= "{Enhancement of Noisy Speech by Maximum Likelihood Estimation}",
	author= "Hidefumi Kobatake and Kaoru Gyoutoku and Sheng Li",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "973-976",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-61,
	title= "{Reverberant Speech Enhancement Using Cepstral Processing}",
	author= "Duncan Bees and Maier Blostein and Peter Kabal",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "977-980",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-62,
	title= "{Speech Enhancement Using Resonator Filterbanks}",
	author= "Luc Gagnon and William F. McGee",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "981-984",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-63,
	title= "{Regression Features For Recognition Of Speech In Quiet And In Noise}",
	author= "Ted H. Applebaum and Brian A. Hanson",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "985-988",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-64,
	title= "{Vowel Recognition In Noise For Male, Female And Child Voices}",
	author= "J.G. van Velden and G.F. Smoorenburg",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "989-992",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-65,
	title= "{Spectral Sharpening For Speech Enhancement / Noise Reduction}",
	author= "Arthur Schaub and Peter Straub",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "993-996",
	year= 1991
}

@inproceedings{ICASSP91-2-66,
	title= "{On Minimum Mean Square Error Speech Enhancement}",
	author= "Yariv Ephraim",
	booktitle= icassp,
	volume= 2, pages= "997-1000",
	year= 1991
}