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Vision Transformer (ViT)-based image super-resolution (SR) methods have achieved impressive performance and surpassed CNN-based SR methods by utilizing Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) to model long-range dependencies. However, the quadratic complexity of MHSA and the inefficiency of non-parallelized window partition seriously affect the inference speed, hindering these SR methods from being applied to application scenarios requiring speed and quality.

Decoding silent reading Electroencephalography (EEG) signals is challenging because of its low signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, EEG signals are typically non-Euclidean structured, therefore merely using a two-dimensional matrix to represent the variation of sampling points of each channel in time cannot richly represent the spatial connection between channels. 

This paper presents a neural-enhanced probabilistic model and corresponding factor graph-based sum-product algorithm for robust localization and tracking in multipath-prone environments. The introduced hybrid probabilistic model consists of physics-based and data-driven measurement models capturing the information contained in both, the line-of-sight (LOS) component as well as in multipath components (NLOS components). The physics-based and data-driven models are embedded in a joint Bayesian framework allowing to derive from first principles a factor graph-based algorithm that fuses the information of these models.

In this article, we consider using time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements from a single moving receiver to locate a moving target at constant velocity that emits a periodic signal with unknown signal period. First, we give the TOA measurement model and deduce the Cram e´ r-Rao lower bounds (CRLB). Then, we formulate a nonlinear least squares (NLS) problem to estimate the unknown parameters. We use semidefinite programming (SDP) techniques to relax the nonconvex NLS problem.