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The importance of normalizing biometric features or matching scores is understood in the multimodal biometric case, but there is less attention to the unimodal case. Prior reports assess the effectiveness of normalization directly on biometric performance. We propose that this process is logically comprised of two independent steps: (1) methods to equalize the effect of each biometric feature on the similarity scores calculated from all the features together...

Nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) is a highly challenging task in a single-microphone; hence, the AEC technique with a microphone array has also been considered to more effectively reduce the residual echo. However, these algorithms track only a linear acoustic path between the loudspeaker and the microphone array. 

Lexical-based metrics such as BLEU, NIST, and WER have been widely used in machine translation (MT) evaluation. However, these metrics badly represent semantic relationships and impose strict identity matching, leading to moderate correlation with human judgments. In this paper, we propose a novel MT automatic evaluation metric Semantic Travel Distance (STD) based on word embeddings. STD incorporates both semantic and lexical features (word embeddings and n -gram and word order) into one metric.

Dialogue policy plays an important role in task-oriented spoken dialogue systems. It determines how to respond to users. The recently proposed deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches have been used for policy optimization. However, these deep models are still challenging for two reasons: first, many DRL-based policies are not sample efficient; and second, most models do not have the capability of policy transfer between different domains.

While substantial noise reduction and speech enhancement can be achieved with multiple microphones organized in an array, in some cases, such as when the microphone spacings are quite close, it can also be quite limited. This degradation can, however, be resolved by the introduction of one or more external microphones ( XM s) into the same physical space as the local microphone array ( LMA ). 

Epochs are the instants of significant excitation to vocal tract system. Existing methods can extract epochs accurately from clean speech signals. However, identification of epoch locations from band-limited telephonic speech is challenging due to the attenuation of fundamental frequency component and degradation caused by channel effect. 

Effectively utilizing the common information in a set of video frames is a vital aspect in video segmentation. However, existing methods that transport the common information from a prior frame to the current frame do not make use of the common information effectively.